Izisefo zama-molecule, njengezithasiselo nama-catalyst asebenza kahle kakhulu, zidlala indima ebalulekile ezimbonini ezifana namakhemikhali e-petrochemicals, ukuhlukaniswa kwegesi, kanye nokukhiqizwa komoya-mpilo wezokwelapha. Izinhlobo ezahlukene zezisefo zama-molecule, ezinobukhulu bazo obuhlukile be-pore kanye nezakhiwo zamakhemikhali, zenzelwe izinhlelo zokusebenza ezahlukahlukene zezimboni. Lesi sihloko sinikeza isingeniso esiningiliziwe ku-3A, 4A, 5A, 13X (kufaka phakathi i-13X HP kanye ne-13X APG), kanye nezisefo zama-molecule e-lithium, ezihlanganisa izincazelo zazo, izici, izinhlelo zokusebenza, kanye nemingcele ebalulekile ukusiza abafundi baqonde ngokugcwele ukusebenza okumangalisayo kwalezi "zisefo zezimboni."
Izisefo zama-molecule ziyi-aluminosilicates ezikristalu ezinezakhiwo ezifanayo ezinama-microporous ezimunca ama-molecule ngokukhetha ngokusekelwe kusayizi kanye ne-polarity. Ifomula yazo yamakhemikhali ejwayelekile yile:
Mx/n[(AlO2)x(SiO2)y]⋅mH2O
kuphiMimele ama-cation (isib., Na⁺, K⁺, Ca²⁺),nyi-cation valence, futhix/yinquma usayizi wembobo.
3A Isihlungo Sama-Molecular
Isihlungi sama-molecule sohlobo lwe-A esishintshiwe se-potassium ion (K⁺) esinosayizi wembobo ongu-~3 Å (0.3 nm).
Izici:
Imunca ama-molecule amanzi kuphela (ububanzi obungu-2.8 Å), ngaphandle kwama-molecule amakhulu (isb., i-ethylene, i-propane).
Amandla aphezulu okusebenza ngomshini kanye nokumelana okunamandla nokungcola.
Izicelo:
- Ukomiswa okujulile kwe-ethanol kanye negesi kaphethiloli encibilikisiwe.
- Ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni kweziqandisi.
- Ukuvimbela umswakama kumapulasitiki.
4A Isihlungo Se-Molecular:
Isihlungi sama-molecule sohlobo A esisekelwe ku-sodium ion (Na⁺) esinosayizi wembobo ongu-4 Å (0.4 nm).
Izici:
Imunca ama-molecule amancane afana namanzi, i-methanol, i-ethanol, kanye ne-CO₂.Kusetshenziswa kabanzi ezinhlotsheni zokomisa zezimboni kanye nezokusetshenziswa kwabathengi.
Izicelo:
- Ukususa umswakama ezinhlelweni zomoya ezicindezelwe.
- Ukuvikelwa komswakama kwemithi kanye nezingxenye ze-elekthronikhi.
- Umakhi we-detergent (ukuthambisa amanzi).
5A Isihlungo Sama-Molecular
Isihlungi sama-molecule sohlobo lwe-A esishintshiwe nge-calcium ion (Ca²⁺) esinosayizi wembobo ongu-5 Å (0.5 nm).
Izici:
- Imunca ama-alkanes aqondile (isb., C₃H₈, n-C₄H₁₀) kodwa ayifaki ama-hydrocarbon ane-branched.
- Isetshenziselwa ukuhlukaniswa kwe-isomer ekuhlanzeni uphethiloli.
Izicelo: - Ukususa i-dewaxing ku-petroleum (ukuthuthukisa izindawo zokugeleza okubandayo kwedizili).
- Ukuhlukaniswa kwe-oxygen-nitrogen (ukukhiqizwa kwe-oxygen ye-PSA).
- Ukususwa kwe-asidi yegesi yemvelo (ukususwa kwe-H₂S ne-CO₂).
Isihlungo Se-Molecular Se-13X
Isihlungi sama-molecule sohlobo lwe-Sodium X esinosayizi wembobo engu-10 Å (1.0 nm) kanye nendawo ephezulu.
Izici:
Amandla okumunca angavamile ama-molecule amakhulu (isb., ama-aromatics, i-hydrogen sulfide).
Kusetshenziswa kabanzi ekuhlanzeni nasekuhlukaniseni igesi.
Izicelo:
Ukuhlukaniswa komoya (ukukhiqizwa komoya-mpilo/i-nitrogen).
Ukomiswa kwegesi yemvelo kanye nokususwa kwekhabhoni (ukususwa kwe-CO₂).
Ukwelashwa kwegesi engcolile yezimboni (ukumuncwa kwe-VOCs).
13X HP (Ukusebenza Okuphezulu)
Incazelo: Isihlungi sama-molecule esingu-13X esilungiselelwe kahle esinamandla aphezulu okumunca kanye namandla okuchoboza.
Izici:
- Umthamo wokumunca ophakeme ngo-15–20% kunomthamo ojwayelekile we-13X.
- Ifanelekela izindawo ezinomfutho ophezulu kanye nomswakama ophezulu.
Izicelo: - Amayunithi okuhlukanisa umoya asebenzisa i-cryogenic air.
- Ukukhiqizwa kwegesi ehlanzekile kakhulu (isb., i-nitrogen yezinga le-elekthronikhi).
I-APG engu-13X (Ibanga Lezindiza)
Isihlungi sama-molecule angu-13X esenziwe ngcono ngendiza esinothuli oluphansi kanye nokuqina okuphezulu.
Izici:
Ihambisana nezindinganiso zezindiza (isib., i-MIL-D-3464E).
Imelana nokuguguleka kokugeleza kwegesi, impilo yenkonzo ende.
Izicelo:
Izinhlelo zokujikeleza komoya ezindizayo (ukukhiqizwa komoya-mpilo ekhabhini).
Ukuhlanzwa kwegesi yemikhumbi-mkhathi.
Isihlungo Se-Lithium Molecular (Li-LSX)
Isihlungi sama-molecule sohlobo lwe-X esishintshiwe se-lithium ion (Li⁺) esinosayizi wembobo ongu-~9 Å.
Izici:
- Ukukhetha okunamandla kokumuncwa kwe-nitrogen (N₂), okuvumela ukuhlukaniswa kwe-oxygen-nitrogen okuphumelelayo.
- Isetshenziselwa ukukhiqizwa kwe-oxygen esebenza kahle kakhulu.
- Izicelo:
- Ama-concentrator e-oxygen ezokwelapha (ubumsulwa obungaphezulu kuka-90% O₂).
- Ukusha okucebile nge-oksijini ezithandweni zokuqhuma.
- Izinhlelo zokusekela ukuphila ezindizeni ezingaphansi komhlaba kanye nasemkhathini.
| Uhlobo | Usayizi wembobo | Uhlobo lwe-Cation | Ama-molecule Ayinhloko Afakwe I-Adsorbed | Isicelo |
| 3X | 3 | K⁺ | H₂O | Ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni kwe-ethanol, ukomisa i-LPG |
| 4X | 4 | Na⁺ | H₂O, CO₂, CH₃OH | Ukomisa ngomoya, insipho |
| 5X | 5 | I-Ca²⁺ | ama-n-alkanes, H₂S | Ukususa i-dewaxing ku-petroleum, i-PSA O₂ |
| 13X | 10 | Na⁺ | CO₂, H₂S, ama-aromatics | Ukuhlanzwa kwegesi yemvelo, ukuhlukaniswa komoya |
| 13X HP | 10 | I-Na⁺ (ilungiselelwe) | Ama-molecule amakhulu egesi | Ukukhiqizwa kwegesi emsulwa kakhulu |
| I-APG engu-13X | 10 | Uthuli oluphansi (Na⁺) | Ukuhlanzwa kwegesi yezindiza | Izinhlelo ze-oxygen zezindiza |
| I-Li-LSX | 9 | ULi⁺ | I-N₂ (ekhethwayo) | Ama-concentrator e-oxygen yezokwelapha |
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Ephreli-03-2025