1. Amagciwane alenga ngokushesha: idizayini efakwe endandeni, umoya-mpilo omuhle oncibilikisiwe.
2. I-hydrophilicity enhle: Indawo yesiko le-microporous inkulu, isivinini sokushintsha amanzi siyashesha, umsebenzi webhayoloji uphezulu, futhi umphumela wokuhlanza amanzi muhle.
3. Akulula ukukuhlikihla: ukushisa okuphezulu kokudubula, usayizi omncane, isisindo esilula, ukwakheka okuqinile, akulula ukukuhlikihla.
4. Izinto zokuhlunga ezimaphakathi: Izinga lamanzi lizinzile ku-pH, futhi akulula ukuthikameza ukuguquguquka komzimba wamanzi.5. I-adsorption enamandla: ukungena kwamanzi aphezulu kanye ne-adsorption enamandla.